Fractures
Definition:
Fractures of the knee include fractures of the patella, femoral condyles, tibial eminence, tibial tuberosity, and tibial plateau.Direct and indirect forces can cause these fractures (Dutton). Subjective:
Objective:
Interventions/Prognosis: An undisplaced fracture can be treated with a full lenght plaster cast applied for 6-12 weeks. Early removal should be followed by a knee brace. This allows movement of the knee while maintaining fracture alignment. All displaced fractures are treated surgically. Surgical fixation of the fracture can be done with either screws only, a plate and screws or a nail.
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Common Complications Seen with Fractures
Patella:
Femoral condyles:
Tibial plateau:
Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fracture is given below. It is the most commonly used classification for this fracture.
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References:
- Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, & Intervention. 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2008.
- Girard, P. (2012). Effect of tibial plateau fracture on lubrication function and composition of synovial fluid. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 94(10)
- Shah, Jehan. "Osteochondral Fracture of the Lateral Femoral Condyle Involving the Entire Weight Bearing Articular Surface Fixed with Biodegradable Screws."Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 60.5 (2010).
- MacKenzie, Caroline. "Use of Ottowa Knee Rules to Identify Fracture." Emergency Nurse 19.7 (2011): 21-2
- Miller ME, Christensen GC, Evans HE. Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders; 1993. pp. 207–208.
- Bojrab MJ, Ellison GW, Slocum B. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. 4th ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins; 1998. pp. 1237–124
- Rosenberg, Norman J. "Osteochondral Fractures of the Lateral Femoral Condyle." The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 46.5 (1964).
- Zeltser, ZW, and SS Leopold. "Classifications in Brief: Schatzker Classification of Tibial Plateau Fracture." Clin Orthop Relat Re (2012).